ENGLISH

ABOUT ENGLISH

The Article, Preposition, Punctuation ,Voice, Narration, Transformation of sentences, Synonyms, Forms of the Verb, Jumbled words to be rearranged so to make meaningful sentences, Word Building, question Answer in Conversation, one word substitution.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

75% pertaining to Himachal Pradesh ………………………19 question

25% pertaining to National & International level …………..06 question.

MATHS

(There will be 50 objective type/Multiple choice questions and each question will be of one marks)

ALGEBRA

1. Sets:-sets and their representation – finite and infinite sets-subset-empty set-universal set-compliment of a set. Union and intersection to sets. Venn diagram and applications.

2. Number system:- Review of the sets of whole numbers, integers and rational numbers, introduction of irrational numbers as non-terminating and non-repeating decimals-surds and rationalization of surds-Real numbers and statement of the properties of the set of Real numbers.

3. Functions:- Rectangular coordinate systems. Coordinates of a point, plotting of a points. Concept of function, graph of a real function (continuous and discontinuous) Graph of y=mx+c.

4. Polynomials:- Introduction to polynomials (over reals) – degree of the polynomials-addition, subtraction multiplication division of polynomial. Review of factorization of algebraic expressions done in the earlier classes-factoring the polynomials ax2+bx+c, a# 0 (by breading middle terms), Remainder theorem (without proof) and its application in the factorization of the polynomials of degree not more four.

5. Linear Equations in Variable:- Solutions of linear equation and application to problem of commercial Mathematics, mensuration etc.

6. Linear Equation in two variables:- Linear equations in two variable and its graph, Systems of two linear equations in two variables, solution of the systems of equations by graphical method-consistency/ inconsistency of the equations. Algebraic method of the solution of a systems of equations, application involving the system of equation from different areas. HCF and LCM of polynomials by factorization and division methods (simple problem only). Meaning of a rational expression, addition, subtraction multiplication of rational expressions. Factorization of expressions involving cyclic factors. Ratio and proportion componendo diviendo, aternendo invertendo etc. and their application .

7. Quadratic equation:-Meaning and standard form of a quadratic ax2+bx+c=0,a#0 solution of ax2+bx+c=0,a#0(i) by factorization (ii) Quadratic formula Discriminent of the quadratic equation and nature of the roots. Applications involving quadratic equation from several areas. Solution of equation reducible to quadratic form factorization of quadratic polynomials by using quadratic formula.

ARITHMETIC AND MENSURATION

1. Meaning of logarithm of a number to a given base-common logarithms (based-10) –characteristic and mantissa-Meaning of antilogarithm – laws of logarithms-all types of computations and using logarithmic tables. Mastery level to be achieved by all.

2. Review of concept such as compound interest, population growth, appreciation of value of articles, areas of rectangles, squares, triangles, rhombuses, trapeziums, parallelograms, etc. Learnt at the Upper Primary level, through problems, of higher difficulty level, using logarithmic tables for computational work.

3. Review of concepts as area of sector , segment , surface area and volumes of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, spheres; area of four walls of a room studied in earlier classes and solution of problems (of higher difficulty level), using logarithmic tables for computational work.

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TRIGONOMETRY

1. Trigonometric ratio of all angles, from a right triangle :2.trignometrical Ratios of 0 degree ,30 degree , 45 degree,60 degree ,90 degree3.Result for t-ratios of 30 degree , 45 degree,60 degree to be arrived at through geometrical proofs.4.Results for t-ratios of 0 degree and 90 degree to be given as axioms. Simple applications of all these trigonometric ratios for solving problems such a heights and distances.5.Trigonometrical identities sin2 a+cos2 A =1,sec2 A=1tan2 A=tan2 A,cosec2 A=1+cot2 A. simple problem based upon the complementary angles.

2. Heights And Distance:- Reading of trignometrical tables. Solution of simple problems on heights and distances using trignometrical tables and logarithmic tables.

LINES AND ANGLES

1. Given any two distinct points in a plane, there exists one and only one line containing them (axiom)

2. Two distinct lines cannot have more than one point in common (axiom).

3. Given a line and point, not on the line, there is one and only one line, which passes through the given point and is parallel to the given line (axiom)

4. If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so framed is 180 degree and its converse.

5. If two lines intersect, the vertically opposite angles are equal.

6. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines then any pair of corresponding angles are equal and its converse.

7. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines then: (a) each pair of alternate angles are equal. (b) the interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.

8. Converse of (7).

9. Lines which are parallel to the same lines are parallel to each other.

10. he sum of the three angles of triangle is 180o.

11. If a side of triangle is produced, the exterior angle so found is equal to the sum of two interior opposite angles.

CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLES

1. Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and the included angle of the other triangle (axiom).

2. Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding angles and the included side of the other triangle (axiom).

3. Two triangle are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides of the other triangle (axiom).

4. Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are respectively equal to the hypotenuse and the corresponding side of the other triangle.

The sides opposite to equal of a triangle are equal.

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SIMILAR TRIANGLES

1. If a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, the other two side are divided in the same ratio.

2. If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.

3. If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal (i.e. if the two triangles are equi-angular ), their corresponding sides are proportional (Axiom)

4. If the two sides of two triangles are proportional, the triangles are equi-angular (Axiom).

5. If corresponding angles of two triangles are proportional then the triangles are similar (Axiom)

6. If corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional then the triangles are similar(Axiom).

7. If one angles of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other and the side including these angles are proportional, the triangles are similar (Axiom)

8. If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of the right triangle, the hypotenuse on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other.

9. The ratio of the areas of similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares on the corresponding sides.

10. In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.

11. In a triangle, if the square on the side is equal to the sum of the squares on the remaining two, the angle opposite the first side is a right angle.

LOCI AND INEQUATIES OF TRIANGLE

1. The locus of a point equidistant from two fixed points is the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining the two points.

2. The locus of a point equidistant from two intersecting lines is the pair of bisector of the angles formed by the given lines.

3. The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than its third side.

4. If two sides of a triangle are unequal, the larger side has greater angle opposite to it.

5. In a triangle, the greater angle has a larger side opposite to it.

Of all the segments that can be drawn to a given line from a point, not lying on it, the perpendicular segment is the shortest.

6. The angle bisector of a triangle pass through the same point.

7. The perpendicular bisectors of the side of a triangle pass through the same point.

8. Medians of triangle pass through the same point which divided each of the medians in the ratio 2:1.

9. In a triangle, the three altitudes pass through the same point.

PARALLELOGRAMS

1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of opposite sides are parallel and of equal lengths.

2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if opposite sides are of equal length, and its converse.

3. A quadrilateral is parallelogram if the diagonals bisect each other and its converse.

4. A parallelogram is rectangle if its diagonals have equal length and its converse.

5. A parallelogram is a rhombus if its diagonals are perpendicular and its converse.

6. A parallelogram is square if its diagonals are equal and are at right angle and its converse.

7. In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid-points if any two sides is parallel to the third side and is half of it.

8. The line drawn through the mid-points of one side of triangle parallel to the another side bisects the third side.

9. If there are three or more parallel lines and the intercepts made by them on a transversal are equal the corresponding intercepts on any another transversal are also equal.1.Two circles are congruent if an only if they have equal radii.2.If the area of a circle are congruent , their corresponding chords are equal and its converse. 3.A perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and conversely , the line drawn through the centre of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.4.There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points.5.There is one only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points.6. Equal chord of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the centers and conversely, chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) that are equidistant from the centres are equal.7.The angle subtended by an are at the centre is double the angle.8.Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.9.If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two other points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on the same circle.

10. Equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre and conversely, if the angles subtended by the chords at the centre ( of circle) are equal, then the chords are equal.

11. Two areas of circle are congruent if the angles subtended by them at the centre at equal and its converse.

12. The sum of the opposite angles of either pair, of cyclic quadrilateral is 180 degrees and conversely, if a pair of opposite angles of quadrilateratral are supplementary then the quadrilateral is cyclic (proof of converse not required).

13. A tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

14. The lengths of two tangents from and external point of a circle equal.

15. If two chords of a circle intersect inside or outside the circle then the rectangle formed by the pairs of chords is equal in area to the rectangle formed by the two parts of the other.

16. If PAB is a secant of a circle intersecting the circle at A and B and PT is tangent, then PA X PB=PT2

17. If a line touches a circle and from the point of contact a chord is drawn, the angles which this chord makes with the given line are equal respectively to the angles formed in the corresponding alternate segments, and the converse.

18. If two circles touch each other, the point of contact lies on the line joining the ir centers

AREAS

1. Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.

2. Triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.

3. Triangles with equal areas and equal bases have equal altitudes

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STATISTICS

1. Drawing of histograms, Class marks, cumulative frequency, cumulative frequency tables, drawing of frequency polygons, drawing of an ogive.

2. Mean of grouped data.

3. Median of ungrouped data

4. Descriptive explanation of mortality tables, cost of living index price index ,etc.

COMPUTING

1. Popular introduction to computers : what they are , what they can perform and what they cannot perform, role and use of computers in modern society etc., Meaning of a problem-algorithm, a detailed and precise step method of solution of the problems illustrated by means of simple day to day problem (like buying an article ,multiplication of numbers etc.) . Simple flow charting. Flow charts involving loops algorithms for mathematical problems already studies from topics which profit and loss, ratio and proportion, simple and compound interest ,discount, HCF and LCF.

PHYSICS

(There will be 50 objective type/multiple choice questions and each question will be of one marks)

MOTION, FORCE AND ENERGY

1. Motion.- Motion is relative, displacement (quantitative idea only), uniform and non-uniform motion, speed and velocity, acceleration equations of motion (graphical method).

2. Force:- What is a force ? Inertia of body ,balanced forces, unbalanced forces and acceleration relationship between forces, acceleration and mass of an on object, action and reaction-forces exist in pairs.

3. Gravitation.- Law’s of gravitation acceleration due to gravity, electrostatic force, magnetic force.

4. Work:- Work done by a force, relation between work and energy, kinetic energy potential energy, law of conservation of energy , power.

5. Wave motion.-Nature of a wave, propagation of wave through a medium Types of waves-longitudinal, transverse, simple harmonic motion-graphical representation , amplitude of a wave, relationship between wage length frequency and velocity of a wave, reflection and refraction of waves, laws of reflection and refraction of waves, energy transferred during propagation of waves, light and sound waves as carriers of energy. Perception of energy carried by light waves by the human eye, structure and function of human eye focal length of eye lens image formation on the retina , defects of vision –myopia, hypermetropia,correction of defects of vision. Perception of colour composition of white light, different colour have different wave lengths,colour of object, colour sensory cells in the rods and cones, blind spot,colour blindness.

6. Telescope.- Construction and working, microscope-construction and working.

7. Heat.- A form of energy, mechanical work and heat, heat and temperature measurement of temperature, effects of heat thermal expansion, change of state.

8. Electricity.- A source of energy, conductors and resistors, measurements of current potential difference and resistance relationship between these parameters. Heating effect of electric current, quantitative relationship between heat, electric current resistance and time of flow of current electric appliances based on heating effect of current, measurement of electric energy units power.

9. Magnetic effects of electric current.- Magnetic field of current carrying conductor , coil and solenoid, electric motor applications, electromagnetic induction, electric generator , D.C. and A.C.(elementary idea).

10. Domestic electric circuit.- Elementary ideas about wiring fuse, possible hazards and safety measures.

WORLD OF WORK

1. Man and work - Variety of nature of work involved in procuring , processing and preparation of food by man other living organisms, energy required for doing work , motion as manifestation of work.

2. TECHNOLOGY

1. Meaning and application; evolution of technology and human society; development of new and improved technology-need, acceptance by the society, time gap between development and application; role of technology in harnessing energy.

2. Impact of technology and society -

3. Influence of technology on individual needs energy requirement of the individual and the society, energy crisis, impact of technology on physical, social and cultural environment . Technology and Science- Interrelation between science and technology, discoveries of science and technology, application of technology in development of science , one technology creates need for another.

ENERGY

NATURAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

1. Sun as a source of energy. – Absorption of solar energy by earth , photosynthesis, solar heaters, solar cells.

2. Wind.—Wind mills Hydroelectricity generation , electricity from sea waves,Bio energy,bio-mass as fuel, bio-gas.

3. Fossil fuels.—Sources of fossil fuels, coal, natural fuels-conditions for combustion, heat produced during combustion, combustion of food in living organisms.

4. Type of fuels.—Energy from fuels, solid , liquid and gaseous fuels,characterstics of fuels-conditions for combustion , heat produced during combustion, combustion of food in living organism.

5. Internal combustion engine.—Types of internal combustion engine, working principle of internal combustion engine.

6. Nuclear Energy.- Nuclear fision,energy released during fission, atomic power plants, radiation hazards. Energy crisis-causes of energy crisis, trends in energy consumption of individuals, industry and agriculture, depletion in known stocks of fossil fuels, inefficient use of energy,crisis,population control, exploration renewable sources of energy ,industrialization and urbanization, possible solution for overcoming energy crisis, population control exploration renewable sources of energy and emphasis on their use reducing of energy use of energy efficient machines, judicious use of non-renewable sources of energy.

UNIVERSE

1. Earth:- Physical and biological components, atmosphere, changes since its origin, evolution of life, role of solar energy in origin and substance of life.

2. Space exploration.-History of space exploration applications of space science-satellite communication. Weather monitoring, collection of information about other planets and outer space

3. Solar System.- Planets and satellites structure of the solar system age of planets and outer space.

4. Universe.-Solar system and Milky Way galaxy,universe,comprising galaxies expanding universe, origin of universe-big bang theory.

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CHEMISTRY

(There will be 50 objective type/multiple choice questions and each question will be one mark)

MATTER NATURE AND BEHAVIOUR

Nature and behaviour of different types of substance.- Elements compounds and their mixtures. Structure of matter molecules and atoms. Structure of atom-electrons, protons and neutrons, Compositions of nucleus atomic number and mass number, distribution of electrons in different energy levels in an atom, valence electrons and valency . Atomic mass and molecular mass, mole concepts, percentage composition of compounds.Chemical bond.- Formation of ionic and covalent bonds , important properties electrovalent and covalent compounds.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

1. Difference between physical and chemical changes combination reactions, displacement reactions, decomposition reaction, slow and fast reactions, catalyst, representation of chemical reactions –chemical equations , exothermic and endothermic reactions.

2. Electrochemical cell.- Construction of a simple voltaic cell, working of an electrochemical cell, lead storage battery and dry cells.

3. Electrolysis.-Movements of ions during electrolysis, relationship between current, time and amount of metal deposited during electrolysis, electroplating.

4. Classification of elements.-Similarities and dissimilarities in the properties of some elements. Periodic Law , periods and group; gradation of properties of elements in a period and in the groups; prediction of properties of elements in the periodic table.

ENVIRONMENT

1. Biosphere -

2. Sources of energy, food web, flow of energy.

3. Mineral Cycles –

4. Carbon cycle, Role of carbon and its compounds, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen, oxygen cycle oxidation processes , water cycle, role of energy in different cycles.

POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE LIVING WORLDS

1. Ecological balance – man’s role in disturbing the balance , efforts for maintenance soil pollution , their causes and methods to check them.

NATURAL RESOURCES

1. Water.- Water as a natural resources, origin of life in water, water as medium for the activity of the living, water as a solvent , saturated and unsaturated solutions, see water as habitat of organism, salt form sea, use of water.

2. Air.- Role of atmosphere in protection from radiation , composition of atmosphere, water and particulate matter in atmosphere, carbon dioxide and its adverse effects on living organisms ; role of the trees release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and automobiles, corrosion and metals damage of historically monuments from acidic gasses effect of metallic particles , asbestos etc., on living organism ; carbon dioxide and its ill effect , smog, air pollution , radio activity , noise pollution and its effect on human beings.

3. Dependence of man and natural resources.:- Minerals from earth materials and non-metals use of non-metals.

4. Carbon and its components.- Properties of carbon and hydrocarbon ; petroleum products. Extraction of materials.- Properties of materials and some alloys ; use of materials, non-materials and some alloys at home and in industry

5. Living resources.- Renewable and non-renewable resources , exploitation of resources, ecological crisis due to deformation , need for proper replacement and management of living resources, means of replacement through silviculture , conservation and monitoring of wild life parks and centuries , wild life conservation legislative measure for protection of living resources.

SOME USEFUL COMPOUNDS

Calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, copper sulphate, bleaching powder. Plaster of paris, sodium hydroxide, silver nitrate, sodium nitrate and potash alum, their preparation (Principal only) and uses specifying the properties involved.

CHEMISTRY IN THE SERVICE OF MAN

1. Natural and artificial rubber (one simple example) , natural fibers (cotton, woolen, silk) artificial fiber (nylon and terelene) relative advantages of man-made fibers. Distinction between cotton, wool silk and artificial fibers by burning. Industrial Chemistry.

2. Important products of coal and petroleum, some common fuels (including rocket fuel) Composition of gas used in domestic gas cylinder, proper use of gas cylinder principle and method of extinguishing fires of different types, some common important fertilizers and pesticides. Manufacture of glass, cement (elementary treatment only), soaps and synthetic detergents.

UNIVERSE

Recycling of waste materials.- Waste materials bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste materials and their recycling, preparation of compost , proper disposal of nuclear and radioactive waste, harmful effects of exposure to radioactive waste, technique for proper storage of radioactive wastes.

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